Golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis)
Golfer’s elbow is pain on the inside of the elbow, over or around the medial epicondyle (bony prominence on the inside of the elbow). Although named golfer’s elbow, it is not unique to people who play golf.
Causes of golfer’s elbow
Golfer’s elbow is often a result of overuse. It occurs when the tendons in the forearm are strained due to repetitive or strenuous activity. Occasionally, golfers elbow can result following a direct impact to the inside of the elbow. If the muscles and tendons in your forearm are strained, tiny tears and inflammation can develop near the bony lump (medial epicondyle) on the inside of your elbow. You may get it if your forearm muscles are not used to doing a certain activity, such as gardening or decorating. However, even if you use your forearm muscles frequently, you can still injure them.
Symptoms of golfer’s elbow
For most people with golfer’s elbow the pain only occurs when they use their forearm and wrist, particularly for clenching or twisting movements such as turning a door handle or opening a jar. However, for some people the pain is constant; it occurs at rest and can affect their sleep. The pain may travel down your arm from your elbow towards your wrist. You may find it difficult to hold items such as a knife or fork, a cup or a pen, or to straighten your arm fully. Some people also notice a stiffness in the affected arm.
Diagnosis of golfer’s elbow
Golfer’s elbow is diagnosed with a thorough history and examination. Scans are not often helpful when making the diagnosis of golfer’s elbow.
Self management of golfer’s elbow
Rest
Limit hand movements that aggravate your pain. It is important to allow time for your symptoms to settle.
Elbow clasps
Elbow clasps can be used. Clasps aims to offload the area giving your elbow chance to heal. They can be purchased off the shelf and online.
Painkillers
Various over the counter pain killers are available for the management of pain. These can be in the form of tablets or gels. If you have any questions your local pharmacy will be able to advise about what is safe.
Physiotherapy
Stretching and strengthening exercises can be used both to treat the initial flare as well as to reduce the risk of relapse.
Exercises for golfer’s elbow
Exercise 1: wrist flexor stretch
- Place your palm on a wall, keeping your arm straight.
- Gentle put weight through your palm.
- You should feel a stretch at the elbow.
Exercise 2: resisted wrist flexion
- Place your forearm on a hard surface.
- Hold a weighted object such as a water bottle.
- Gently lower the water bottle until your wrist is fully extended.
- At this point, using your opposite hand, help your wrist back up.
What next?
If you are still experiencing symptoms despite following the above advice, it is important you seek advice from your GP. Your GP may decide to refer you to the musculoskeletal clinic or to a physiotherapist.
Page updated 01/12/2020. Review date 01/01/2024
